Jupiter

GALILEO

(Mission duration7.75 years ) – first Jupiter orbiter+descent probe
Galileo was an unmanned NASA spacecraft which studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other solar system bodies. Named after the astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and entry probe. It was launched on October 18, 1989, carried by Space Shuttle Atlantis, on the STS-34 mission. Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter. It launched the first probe into Jupiter, directly measuring its atmosphere.[1] Despite suffering major antenna problems, Galileo achieved the first asteroid flyby, of 951 Gaspra, and discovered the first asteroid moon, Dactyl, around 243 Ida. In 1994, Galileo observed Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9's collision with Jupiter.

NEW HORIZONS

(Mission duration :Primary mission: 9.5 years 8 years, 5 months and 6 days elapsed )
New Horozon was launched on 19 January 2006 from Cape Canaveral. Launched directly into an Earth-and-solar-escape trajectory with an Earth-relative velocity of about 16.26 km/s (58,536 km/h; 36,373 mph), it set the record for the highest velocity of a human-made object from Earth. New Horizons should perform a flyby of the Pluto system on 14 July 2015.After a brief encounter with the asteroid 132524 APL, New Horizons proceeded to Jupiter making its closest approach on 28 February 2007 at a distance of 2.3 million kilometres (1.4 million miles) from the planet. The Jupiter flyby provided a gravitational assist increasing the probe's speed by 14,000 kilometres per hour (9,000 mph). The encounter was also used as a general test of New Horizons' scientific capabilities, returning data about the planet's atmosphere, moons and magnetosphere. After Jupiter, the probe continued its voyage towards Pluto, much of which will be spent in hibernation mode to preserve onboard systems. New Horizons photographed Pluto for the first time in September 2006, followed by an image that distinguished Pluto and its moon Charon as two separate objects in July 2013. As of 30 May 2014, its distance from Pluto was about 3.26 AU or 488,000,000 km or 303,000,000 miles (about 28.65 AU or 4.286×109 km from Earth), with radio signals taking approximately 4 hours to travel to the spacecraft from Earth (an 8 hour round trip).

Buzz Aldrin

(born Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr., January 20, 1930) is an engineer and former American astronaut, and the second person to walk on the Moon. He was the lunar module pilot on Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing in history. He set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 (UTC) on July 21, 1969, following mission commander Neil Armstrong. He is also a retired colonel in the United States Air Force (USAF) and a Command Pilot.

Time in space :

12 days , 1 hrs,52 min

Selection : 1969 NASA Group

Missions : Gamini12 ,Apollo 11

Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with mass one-thousandth of that of the Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System combined.

Radius: 69,911 km
Mass: 1.898E27 kg (317.8 Earth mass)
Surface area: 61,418,738,571 km²
Distance from Sun: 778,500,000 km
Gravity: 24.79 m/s²
The largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter, is 318 times more massive than Earth. With at least 63 moons, strong winds and massive storms.

Who invented Jupiter ?
Nobady nose who invented Jupiter .But it wasn't until the 1930's that we knew what Jupiter was made of. Astronomer Rupert Wildt researched the planet and found the atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and heium.

how its name Jupiter ?
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is also one of the brighter objects in the night sky. No one knows for sure who discovered Jupiter, but it was known in ancient times. The Roman god Jupiter is associated with the Greek god, Zeus. There are many interesting myths about Jupiter's Moons, too, which were named after mythological beings associated with Jupiter/Zeus.

Different larget moons
The planet’s four largest moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) were all named after Jupiter’s many lovers .

who descovered this largest moons and when ?
Galileo discovered four of the larger moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto in 1610.

Space craft that visited Jupeters

Thus far, eight spacecrafts from Earth have visited Jupiter. They were Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons. Pioneer 10 was launched in 1972 and was the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. Pioneer 10 and 11 visited the planet in 1973 and 1974, followed by Voyager 1 and 2, which explored the planet in 1979. In 1992, sixteen months after taking off from Earth, Ulysses flew by Jupiter. Galileo was the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, which started in 1995, and discovered that most of the planet’s moons carry their own magnetic fields. Cassini-Huygens then flew by Jupiter in 2000 on its way to visit Saturn. And most recently, the New Horizons spacecraft flew by Jupiter in 2007 on its way to Pluto. There is another spacecraft, named Juno, which is scheduled to launch in August 2011 and is expected to reach Jupiter in August 2016.

Orbit and spin of Jupiter
As massive as Jupiter is, it’s still the fastest spinning planet within our Solar System. As a matter of fact, it only takes approximately ten hours for the planet to complete a full rotation. It still, however, takes approximately twelve years to orbit the sun. Jupiter’s fast rotation contributes to the planet’s strong magnetic fields, along with the radiation which surrounds it.

How many planatry rings Jupiter has ?
Jupiter has four rings. Jupiter’s main ring is a result from dust being left behind from meteoroids colliding with the four inner moons (Thebe, Metis, Adrastea and Almathea). And unlike the rings of Saturn, there is no evidence of ice in the rings of Jupiter. Scientists have recently discovered a faint ring of dust resembling the shape of a doughnut which is in a backward orbit around the planet. They named the ring Halo.

How many moons jupiter has ?
So far, Jupiter has 63 confirmed moons. Four massive moons, called the “Galilean moons” were discovered back in 1610 by Galileo Galilei. These moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Ganymede is the largest moon, measuring at 3,270 miles across, which makes it larger than the planet Mercury, but only contains approximately half its mass. This icy moon completes an orbit in approximately seven days. Another interesting moon is Io, which contains fierce volcanoes, lava lakes and huge calderas. Mountains on Io can reach heights of 52,000 feet or 16 kilometers. Io orbits Jupiter closer than our moon does the Earth. Since Jupiter has an incredible gravity pull, the majority of the planet’s moons were captured rather than being formed. Interestingly enough, the majority of Jupiter’s 63 moons are less than ten kilometers (just over 6.2 miles) in diameter.